Qt6.8版本自制windows下运行软件＜一＞——串口调试助手

自制串口调试助手 哔哩哔哩效果展示

一、 说明

本人在读学生，跟随哔哩哔哩网站北京迅为公司的教学视频，进行学习qt，由于视频中的实现过程是利用ui界面的实现，本人在学习过程中，通过完全敲代码的形式，实现同样的功能，并利用网络上其他资源，添加进行去自己所需要的功能。比如本串口调试助手中的编码格式的选择，是我自己加进去的，在此记录一下学习过程。望有缘人发现错误的时候，指点一下，我将更正，我也将十分感激。

二、 准备工具 windows下安装Qt6.8 的版本（当然其他版本也能实现，可能会有一些不兼容） 三、新建工程

完成以后，对工程内的ui部分进行删除

四、删除工程中的多余部分

删除完成以后如下所示： 用 ctrl+s，然后ctrl+r 如果弹出以下窗口，则新建成功

this->setFixedSize(1200,750); this->setWindowTitle(QString::fromLocal8Bit("自制串口助手-Lihoujun"));

通过上面两行代码实现窗口大小的实现，以及名称的设置。效果如下：

五、 代码实现 我在写代码之前，把名字修改了一下。

mainwindow.cpp代码 #include "mainwindow.h" QByteArray SerialPortAssistant::utf8ToGbk(const QString &utf8Str) // UTF-8 转 GBK { QByteArray utf8Data = utf8Str.toUtf8(); QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK"); if (codec) { return codec->fromUnicode(utf8Str); } return QByteArray(); } QString SerialPortAssistant::gbkToUtf8(const QByteArray &gbkData) // GBK 转 UTF-8 { QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK"); if (codec) { QString utf16Str = codec->toUnicode(gbkData); // 转换为 QString return utf16Str; } return QString(); } void SerialPortAssistant::ReceAreaInit(void) { ReceArea = new QPlainTextEdit(this); ReceArea->setFixedSize(860,400); ReceArea->move(320,20); ReceArea->setReadOnly(true); QPushButton* ReceAreaClear = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("清除接收区"),this); ReceAreaClear->setFixedSize(150,30); ReceAreaClear->move(1030,450); connect(ReceAreaClear,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){ ReceArea->clear(); }); } void SerialPortAssistant::SendAreaInit(void) { SendArea = new QPlainTextEdit(this); SendArea->setFixedSize(860,100); SendArea->move(320,500); QPushButton* SendAreaClear = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("清除发送区"),this); SendAreaClear->setFixedSize(150,30); SendAreaClear->move(1030,630); connect(SendAreaClear,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){ SendArea->clear(); }); } void SerialPortAssistant::ParameterPositonConfig(void) { this->COM = new QComboBox(this); this->bound = new QComboBox(this); this->databits = new QComboBox(this); this->stopbits = new QComboBox(this); this->paritybits = new QComboBox(this); this->ReceType = new QComboBox(this); this->SendType = new QComboBox(this); this->ReceCode = new QComboBox(this); this->SendCode = new QComboBox(this); this->NewLine = new QComboBox(this); this->bound->addItem("115200"); this->bound->addItem("9600"); this->bound->addItem("4800"); this->databits->addItem("8"); this->stopbits->addItem("1"); this->paritybits->addItem("None"); this->paritybits->addItem("1"); this->paritybits->addItem("0"); this->ReceType->addItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit("文本模式")); this->ReceType->addItem("hex"); this->SendType->addItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit("文本模式")); this->SendType->addItem("hex"); this->ReceCode->addItem("utf-8"); this->ReceCode->addItem("gbk"); this->SendCode->addItem("utf-8"); this->SendCode->addItem("gbk"); this->NewLine->addItem("yes"); this->NewLine->addItem("no"); QLabel* COMLabel = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("串口号:"),this); QLabel* boundLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("波特率:"),this); QLabel* stopbitsLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("停止位:"),this); QLabel* databitsLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("数据位:"),this); QLabel* paritybitsLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("校验位:"),this); QLabel* recetypeLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("接收格式:"),this); QLabel* sendtypeLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("发送格式:"),this); QLabel* ReceCodeLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("接收编码:"),this); QLabel* SendCodeLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("发送编码:"),this); QLabel* SendNewLineLable = new QLabel(QString::fromLocal8Bit("发送新行:"),this); QLabel* pic1Lable = new QLabel(this); QLabel* pic2Lable = new QLabel(this); pic1Lable->setPixmap(QPixmap("E:/Qt/Serial/LHJ.png")); pic2Lable->setPixmap(QPixmap("E:/Qt/Serial/GLUT.jpg")); pic1Lable->setScaledContents(true); pic2Lable->setScaledContents(true); pic1Lable->resize(250,100); pic2Lable->resize(130,130); pic1Lable->move(520,620); pic2Lable->move(90,560); QVector<QComboBox*>setups; setups.push_back(COM); setups.push_back(bound); setups.push_back(databits); setups.push_back(stopbits); setups.push_back(paritybits); setups.push_back(ReceType); setups.push_back(SendType); setups.push_back(ReceCode); setups.push_back(SendCode); setups.push_back(NewLine); QVector<QLabel*>labels; labels.push_back(COMLabel); labels.push_back(boundLable); labels.push_back(databitsLable); labels.push_back(stopbitsLable); labels.push_back(paritybitsLable); labels.push_back(recetypeLable); labels.push_back(sendtypeLable); labels.push_back(ReceCodeLable); labels.push_back(SendCodeLable); labels.push_back(SendNewLineLable); for(int i=0;i<setups.size();i++) { setups[i]->setFixedSize(200,30); setups[i]->move(100,20+i*50); labels[i]->move(30,20+i*50); } } void SerialPortAssistant::ConnectSerial(void) { QSerialPort::BaudRate Bound; QSerialPort::DataBits dataBits; QSerialPort::StopBits stopBits; QSerialPort::Parity parityBits; QString port = COM->currentText(); QString baud = bound->currentText(); QString data = databits->currentText(); QString stop = stopbits->currentText(); QString parity = paritybits->currentText(); QString RxCode = ReceCode->currentText(); QString TxCode = SendCode->currentText(); if(baud == "115200") Bound = QSerialPort::Baud115200; else if(baud == "9600") Bound = QSerialPort::Baud9600; else if(baud == "4800") Bound = QSerialPort::Baud4800; if(data == "8") dataBits = QSerialPort::Data8; if(stop == "1") stopBits = QSerialPort::OneStop; if(parity == "None") parityBits = QSerialPort::NoParity; else if(parity == "0") parityBits = QSerialPort::EvenParity; else if(parity == "1") parityBits = QSerialPort::OddParity; SerialPort = new QSerialPort(this); SerialPort->setBaudRate(Bound); SerialPort->setDataBits(dataBits); SerialPort->setStopBits(stopBits); SerialPort->setParity(parityBits); SerialPort->setPortName(port); if(SerialPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite) == true) { QMessageBox::information(this,"COM","串口打开成功"); connect(SerialPort,&QSerialPort::readyRead,[&](){ auto data = SerialPort->readAll(); if(ReceType->currentText() == "hex") { QString Hex = data.toHex(' '); ReceArea->appendPlainText(Hex); } else { QString str; if (ReceCode->currentText() == "gbk") { str = gbkToUtf8(data); // 将 GBK 数据转换为 UTF-8 } else { str = QString::fromUtf8(data); // 直接使用 UTF-8 } ReceArea->appendPlainText(str); } }); } else { QMessageBox::critical(this,"COM","串口打开失败"); } } void SerialPortAssistant::timerEvent(QTimerEvent* e) { QVector<QString>temp; for(const QSerialPortInfo& info : QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()) { temp.push_back(info.portName()); } std::sort(temp.begin(),temp.end()); if(temp != ports) { this->COM->clear(); this->ports = temp; for(auto& a:ports) this->COM->addItem(a); } updateTime(); // 每秒更新时间显示 } void SerialPortAssistant::TranslationControl(void) { SendButton = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("发送"),this); OpenButton = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("打开串口"),this); CloseButton = new QPushButton(QString::fromLocal8Bit("关闭串口"),this); SendButton->setFixedSize(150,30); OpenButton->setFixedSize(100,30); CloseButton->setFixedSize(100,30); SendButton->move(860,630); OpenButton->move(30,520); CloseButton->move(180,520); CloseButton->setDisabled(true); SendButton->setDisabled(true); connect(SendButton,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){ QString data = SendArea->toPlainText(); //qDebug() << data; if(SendType->currentText() == "hex") { QByteArray Arr; for(int i=0;i<data.size();++i) { if(data[i] == ' ') continue; int num = data.mid(i, 2).toUInt(nullptr,16); ++i; Arr.append(num); } if(NewLine->currentText() == "yes") { Arr.append("\r\n"); } SerialPort->write(Arr); } else { QByteArray sendData = data.toLocal8Bit(); if (SendCode->currentText() == "gbk") { sendData = utf8ToGbk(data); // 将 UTF-8 数据转换为 GBK } else { sendData = data.toUtf8(); // 直接使用 UTF-8 } if(NewLine->currentText() == "yes") { sendData.append("\r\n"); } SerialPort->write(sendData); } }); connect(CloseButton,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){ SendButton->setDisabled(true); OpenButton->setDisabled(false); CloseButton->setDisabled(true); SerialPort->close(); }); connect(OpenButton,&QPushButton::clicked,[&](){ //打开串口，进行连接 if(COM->currentText() != "") { OpenButton->setDisabled(true); SendButton->setDisabled(false); CloseButton->setDisabled(false); ConnectSerial(); } else { QMessageBox::critical(this,"COM","串口打开失败"); } }); } void SerialPortAssistant::updateTime(void) { QDateTime currentTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime(); QString timeStr = currentTime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"); timeLabel->setText(timeStr); } void SerialPortAssistant::GetSysTime(void) { timeLabel = new QLabel(this); timeLabel->setFixedSize(300, 30); timeLabel->move(100, 700); updateTime(); // 初始化显示当前时间 } SerialPortAssistant::SerialPortAssistant(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent) { this->setFixedSize(1200,750); this->setWindowTitle(QString::fromLocal8Bit("自制串口助手-Lihoujun")); ReceAreaInit(); SendAreaInit(); ParameterPositonConfig(); TranslationControl(); GetSysTime(); this->startTimer(1000); //1s的定时器 } SerialPortAssistant::~SerialPortAssistant() { } mainwindow.h代码 #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include <QMainWindow> #include <QPlainTextEdit> #include <QPushButton> #include <QComboBox> #include <QLabel> #include <QDebug> #include <QSerialPort> #include <QSerialPortInfo> #include <QMessageBox> #include <QDateTime> #include <QTimer> //编码格式转换所需头文件 #include <QCoreApplication> #include <QString> #include <QByteArray> #include <QTextCodec> class SerialPortAssistant:public QMainWindow{ Q_OBJECT public: SerialPortAssistant(QWidget *parent = nullptr); ~SerialPortAssistant(); void ReceAreaInit(void); void SendAreaInit(void); void ParameterPositonConfig(void); void TranslationControl(void); void ConnectSerial(void); void timerEvent(QTimerEvent* e); void GetSysTime(void); void updateTime(void); QByteArray utf8ToGbk(const QString &utf8Str); QString gbkToUtf8(const QByteArray &gbkData); private: QPlainTextEdit* SendArea; QPlainTextEdit* ReceArea; QPushButton* SendButton; QPushButton* OpenButton; //打开串口 QPushButton* CloseButton; //关闭串口 //QPushButton* SendAreaClear; //QPushButton* ReceAreaClear; QComboBox* COM; QComboBox* bound; QComboBox* databits; QComboBox* stopbits; QComboBox* paritybits; QComboBox* SendType; QComboBox* ReceType; QComboBox* ReceCode; //接收编码 QComboBox* SendCode; //发送编码 QComboBox* NewLine; //发送编码 QSerialPort* SerialPort; QVector<QString>ports; QLabel* CurrentTimeLabel; QLabel *timeLabel; // 用于显示当前时间的标签 }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H 六、 效果展示

自制串口调试助手 哔哩哔哩效果展示

自制串口调试助手