【Qt】DataVisualization

三维数据可视化 三维柱状图三维图的创建程序截图示例代码 三维散点图三维图创建程序截图示例代码 三维曲面图三维图创建程序截图示例代码

Data Visualization 是 Qt 中的一个三维数据可视化模块，可用于绘制三维柱状图、三维散点图和三维曲面。与 Charts 模块类似，Data Visualization 模块也是基于图形/视图架构的。DataVisualization 的功能虽然不能和一些专业的三维图形类库（如 VTK）的相提并论，但是它操作简单、易用，对于简单的三维数据显示是比较实用的。

三维柱状图 三维图的创建 创建Q3DBars对象后，必须为其创建一个QWidget对象作为容器，程序中的代码是： graph3D = new Q3DBars(); graphContainer = QWidget::createWindowContainer(graph3D, this); //创建三维图的容器

这里使用了QWidget的静态函数createWindowContainer()，这个函数的原型定义如下：

QWidget *QWidget::createWindowContainer(QWindow *window, QWidget *parent = nullptr, Qt::WindowFlags flags = Qt::WindowFlags())

window 是一个QWindow类对象，parent 是父容器对象，flags是窗口标志。函数的返回值是一个QWidget对象指针。 这个函数的功能是为 QWindow 类型的对象创建特殊的 QWidget 对象来作为容器，因为 QWindow 类型的对象不能直接放在普通的QWidget对象上。Q3DBars 的上层父类是QWindow，所以必须用这个静态函数为其创建一个容器。

场景和相机。Q3DBars的父类QAbstract3DGraph定义了三维图的一些基本元素和属性，包括场景、主题、选择模式等。QAbstract3DGraph 的函数scene()返回一个 Q3DScene 对象，它是三维图的场景对象。在一个三维场景里必须有相机（camera）和光源（light），创建三维图时会自动创建默认的相机和光源。 函数Q3DScene::activeCamera()返回场景当前的相机对象，是Q3DCamera类型。相机类似于人的眼睛，通过对相机位置的控制可以实现图形的旋转、缩放和平移。函数Q3DScene::activeLight()返回场景当前的光源对象，是Q3DLight类型。 坐标轴。Q3DBars用3个函数分别设置3个坐标轴，这3个函数原型定义如下： void Q3DBars::setValueAxis(QValue3DAxis *axis) //设置数值坐标轴 void Q3DBars::setRowAxis(QCategory3DAxis *axis) //设置行坐标轴 void Q3DBars::setColumnAxis(QCategory3DAxis *axis) //设置列坐标轴

函数setValueAxis()设置一个 QValue3DAxis 类型的对象作为数值坐标轴，也就是垂直方向的坐标轴。 函数setRowAxis()和 setColumnAxis()分别设置一个 QCategory3DAxis 类型的对象作为行坐标轴和列坐标轴，也就是水平方向的两个坐标轴。

QBar3DSeries 序列。与Q3DBars 结合使用的序列类是QBar3DSeries，程序创建了序列对象series，设置棒柱形状和标签格式后添加到三维图中。QBar3DSeries的函数setItemLabelFormat()用于设置棒柱被点击后标签显示的格式，程序中的设置语句为： series->setItemLabelFormat("(@rowLabel,@colLabel): %d");

数据代理。与 QBar3DSeries 配套的数据代理类是 QBarDataProxy，它用于存储和管理在QBar3DSeries 序列中显示的数据。在三维柱状图中，每一个棒柱都要用一个QBarDataItem对象表示。 QBarDataProxy 在添加、插入或删除棒柱时是以行为单位管理的。一行的棒柱数据用一个QBarDataRow 类型管理，所有行的棒柱数据用QBarDataArray类型管理。这两个类型其实不是类，而是列表类型，在Qt C++的源代码中，它们的定义如下： typedef QList<QBarDataItem> QBarDataRow; typedef QList<QBarDataRow *> QBarDataArray;

QBarDataRow 就是 QBarDataItem 对象的列表，QBarDataArray 就是 QBarDataRow 对象指针列表。程序中每创建一个QBarDataItem类型的棒柱数据项dataItem，就将dataItem先添加到棒柱数据行dataRow里；创建完一行棒柱数据后，再将dataRow添加到棒柱数据数组dataArray里。

QBarDataItem 代码 #ifndef QBARDATAITEM_H #define QBARDATAITEM_H #include <QtDataVisualization/qdatavisualizationglobal.h> QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_DATAVISUALIZATION class QBarDataItemPrivate; class QT_DATAVISUALIZATION_EXPORT QBarDataItem { public: QBarDataItem(); QBarDataItem(float value); QBarDataItem(float value, float angle); QBarDataItem(const QBarDataItem &other); ~QBarDataItem(); QBarDataItem &operator=(const QBarDataItem &other); inline void setValue(float val) { m_value = val; } inline float value() const { return m_value; } inline void setRotation(float angle) { m_angle = angle; } inline float rotation() const { return m_angle; } protected: void createExtraData(); QBarDataItemPrivate *d_ptr; private: float m_value; float m_angle; }; QT_END_NAMESPACE_DATAVISUALIZATION #endif

QBar3DSeries 序列被创建后，就会自动创建数据代理，QBar3DSeries::dataProxy()返回当前的QBarDataProxy 数据代理对象。QBarDataProxy 有接口函数用于设置行坐标标签、列坐标标签和棒柱数据数组，这3个函数的原型定义如下：

void QBarDataProxy::setRowLabels(const QStringList &labels) //设置行坐标标签 void QBarDataProxy::setColumnLabels(const QStringList &labels) //设置列坐标标签 void QBarDataProxy::resetArray(QBarDataArray *newArray) //设置棒柱数据数组

在数据代理里设置的行坐标标签与每一行数据是对应的，如果删除了某一行的数据，这个行坐标标签也会被删除。在QBarDataProxy里无法删除一列棒柱数据项或单独删除某个棒柱数据项。

QBar3DSeries 的 selectedBarChanged()信号。在三维柱状图上选择的当前棒柱变化时，序列对象会发射selectedBarChanged()信号，其函数原型定义如下： void QBar3DSeries::selectedBarChanged(const QPoint &position)

参数position 表示当前选中棒柱的坐标，position.x()表示棒柱的行号，position.y()表示列号。 为此信号关联自定义槽函数do_barSelected()后，当点击一个棒柱时会在状态栏里显示其信息。有棒柱被选中时，通过QBarDataProxy 的itemAt()函数可以获取这个棒柱关联的QBarDataItem 对象，再通过函数QBarDataItem::value()可以获取棒柱的数值

程序截图

示例代码 h #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include <QMainWindow> #include <QtDataVisualization> #include "q3dbars.h" #include "qbar3dseries.h" using namespace QtDataVisualization; QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE namespace Ui { class MainWindow; } QT_END_NAMESPACE class MainWindow : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT private: QWidget *graphContainer; //三维图的容器 Q3DBars *graph3D; //三维图 QBar3DSeries *series; //序列 void iniGraph3D(); //创建三维图 public: MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr); ~MainWindow(); private slots: void do_barSelected(const QPoint &position); // void on_chkBoxGrid_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxSmooth_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxReflection_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxAxisTitle_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxAxisBackground_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxReverse_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxBackground_clicked(bool checked); void on_spinFontSize_valueChanged(int arg1); void on_cBoxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index); // void on_btnBarColor_clicked(); void on_chkBoxItemLabel_clicked(bool checked); void on_cBoxBarStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_cBoxSelectionMode_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_comboCamera_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_sliderH_valueChanged(int value); void on_sliderV_valueChanged(int value); void on_sliderZoom_valueChanged(int value); void on_actBar_ChangeValue_triggered(); void on_actSeries_BaseColor_triggered(); void on_actData_Add_triggered(); void on_actData_Insert_triggered(); void on_actData_Delete_triggered(); void on_btnMoveDown_clicked(); void on_btnMoveUp_clicked(); void on_btnMoveLeft_clicked(); void on_btnMoveRight_clicked(); void on_btnResetCamera_clicked(); void on_actRedraw_triggered(); private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H cpp #include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" #include <QSplitter> #include <QColorDialog> #include <QInputDialog> #include <QVector3D> void MainWindow::iniGraph3D() { graph3D = new Q3DBars(); graphContainer = QWidget::createWindowContainer(graph3D, this); //Q3DBars继承自QWindow graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(Q3DCamera::CameraPresetFrontHigh); //设置视角 //创建坐标轴 QValue3DAxis *axisV=new QValue3DAxis; //数值坐标 axisV->setTitle("销量"); axisV->setTitleVisible(true); axisV->setLabelFormat("%d"); graph3D->setValueAxis(axisV); //设置数值坐标轴 QCategory3DAxis *axisRow=new QCategory3DAxis; axisRow->setTitle("row axis"); // QStringList rowLabs; //行坐标标签 // rowLabs << "Week1" << "Week2"<<"Week3"; // axisRow->setLabels(rowLabs); axisRow->setTitleVisible(true); graph3D->setRowAxis(axisRow); //设置行坐标轴 QCategory3DAxis *axisCol=new QCategory3DAxis; axisCol->setTitle("column axis"); // QStringList colLabs; //列坐标标签 // colLabs << "Mon" << "Tue" << "Wed" << "Thur"<<"Fri"; // axisCol->setLabels(colLabs); axisCol->setTitleVisible(true); graph3D->setColumnAxis(axisCol); //设置列坐标轴 //创建序列 series = new QBar3DSeries; series->setMesh(QAbstract3DSeries::MeshCylinder); //棒柱形状 series->setItemLabelFormat("(@rowLabel,@colLabel): %d"); //项的标签显示格式 graph3D->addSeries(series); //设置数据代理的数据 QBarDataArray *dataArray = new QBarDataArray; //棒柱数据数组，typedef QList<QBarDataRow *> QBarDataArray; for (int i=0; i<3; i++) //行 { QBarDataRow *dataRow= new QBarDataRow; //棒柱数据行, typedef QList<QBarDataItem> QBarDataRow; for(int j=1; j<=5; j++) //列 { quint32 value=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(5,15); //随机整数[5,15) QBarDataItem *dataItem= new QBarDataItem; //创建棒柱数据对象 dataItem->setValue(value); //设置棒柱的数据 dataRow->append(*dataItem); //添加到棒柱数据行 } dataArray->append(dataRow); //棒柱数据数组添加一个棒柱数据行 } QStringList rowLabs; //行坐标标签 rowLabs << "Week1" << "Week2"<<"Week3"; series->dataProxy()->setRowLabels(rowLabs); //设置数据代理的行标签 QStringList colLabs; //列坐标标签 colLabs << "Mon" << "Tue" << "Wed" << "Thur"<<"Fri"; series->dataProxy()->setColumnLabels(colLabs);//设置数据代理的列标签 series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray); //重设数据代理的数据 connect(series,&QBar3DSeries::selectedBarChanged, this,&MainWindow::do_barSelected); } //void MainWindow::resetData() //{ // QBarDataProxy *dataProxy=new QBarDataProxy; //新建数据代理 // int rowCount= series->dataProxy()->rowCount(); //数据代理的行数 // for (int i=0; i<rowCount; i++) //行 // { // QBarDataRow *dataRow= new QBarDataRow; //typedef QList<QBarDataItem> QBarDataRow; // for(int j=1; j<=5; j++) //列 // { // quint32 value=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(5,15); // QBarDataItem *dataItem= new QBarDataItem; //数据项 // dataItem->setValue(value); // dataRow->append(*dataItem); // } // QString rowStr=QString("第%1周").arg(i+1); // dataProxy->addRow(dataRow, rowStr); //添加行数据和标签 // } // QStringList colLabs=series->dataProxy()->columnLabels(); //原来的列坐标轴标签 // dataProxy->setColumnLabels(colLabs); // series->dataProxy()->resetArray(); //清除数据代理和坐标轴标签，必须清除，否则不能重新设置坐标轴标签 // series->setDataProxy(dataProxy); //重新设置数据代理，会删除之前的数据代理 //} //void MainWindow::redrawGraph3D() //{ // QBarDataProxy *dataProxy=series->dataProxy(); // int rowCount=dataProxy->rowCount(); // int colCount=dataProxy->columnLabels().count(); // for (int i=0; i<rowCount; i++) //行 // { // for(int j=0; j<colCount; j++) //列 // { // QBarDataItem dataItem= *(dataProxy->itemAt(i,j)); // quint32 value=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(5,15); // dataItem.setValue(value); // dataProxy->setItem(i,j,dataItem); // } // } //} MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { ui->setupUi(this); ui->sliderZoom->setRange(10,500); //设置slider的数据范围 ui->sliderH->setRange(-180,180); //水平旋转角度范围 ui->sliderV->setRange(-180,180); //垂直旋转角度范围 iniGraph3D(); //创建三维柱状图，会创建一个容器对象graphContainer QSplitter *splitter=new QSplitter(Qt::Horizontal); splitter->addWidget(ui->frameSetup); //左侧控制面板 splitter->addWidget(graphContainer); //右侧三维图 this->setCentralWidget(splitter); //设置主窗口中心组建 } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { delete ui; } void MainWindow::do_barSelected(const QPoint &position) { if (position.x()<0 || position.y()<0) //必须加此判断 { ui->actBar_ChangeValue->setEnabled(false); return; } ui->actBar_ChangeValue->setEnabled(true); const QBarDataItem *bar =series->dataProxy()->itemAt(position); QString info=QString::asprintf("选中的棒柱，Row=%d, Column=%d, Value=%.1f", position.x(),position.y(),bar->value()); ui->statusBar->showMessage(info); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxGrid_clicked(bool checked) { //显示背景网格 CheckBox graph3D->activeTheme()->setGridEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxSmooth_clicked(bool checked) { //光滑效果 CheckBox series->setMeshSmooth(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxReflection_clicked(bool checked) {//显示倒影 CheckBox graph3D->setReflection(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxAxisTitle_clicked(bool checked) {//显示轴标题 CheckBox graph3D->valueAxis()->setTitleVisible(checked); graph3D->rowAxis()->setTitleVisible(checked); graph3D->columnAxis()->setTitleVisible(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxAxisBackground_clicked(bool checked) {//显示轴标签背景 CheckBox graph3D->activeTheme()->setLabelBackgroundEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxReverse_clicked(bool checked) {//数值坐标轴反向 CheckBox graph3D->valueAxis()->setReversed(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxBackground_clicked(bool checked) {//显示背景 CheckBox graph3D->activeTheme()->setBackgroundEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_spinFontSize_valueChanged(int arg1) {//轴标签字体大小 QFont font = graph3D->activeTheme()->font(); font.setPointSize(arg1); graph3D->activeTheme()->setFont(font); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index) {//三维图主题 Q3DTheme *currentTheme = graph3D->activeTheme(); currentTheme->setType(Q3DTheme::Theme(index)); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxItemLabel_clicked(bool checked) { //显示选中棒柱的标签 CheckBox series->setItemLabelFormat("value at (@rowLabel,@colLabel): %.1f"); series->setItemLabelVisible(checked); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxBarStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index) { //棒柱样式 ComboBox QAbstract3DSeries::Mesh aMesh; aMesh=QAbstract3DSeries::Mesh(index+1); //0=MeshUserDefined series->setMesh(aMesh); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxSelectionMode_currentIndexChanged(int index) {//选择模式 graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionFlags(index)); } void MainWindow::on_comboCamera_currentIndexChanged(int index) { //预设视角 Q3DCamera::CameraPreset cameraPos=Q3DCamera::CameraPreset(index); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(cameraPos); } void MainWindow::on_sliderH_valueChanged(int value) {//水平旋转 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setXRotation(value); } void MainWindow::on_sliderV_valueChanged(int value) {//垂直旋转 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setYRotation(value); } void MainWindow::on_sliderZoom_valueChanged(int value) {//缩放 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setZoomLevel(value); } void MainWindow::on_actBar_ChangeValue_triggered() { QPoint position=series->selectedBar(); if (position.x()<0 || position.y()<0) //必须加此判断 return; QBarDataItem bar=*(series->dataProxy()->itemAt(position)); qreal value=bar.value(); //原来的值 bool ok; value = QInputDialog::getInt(this, "输入数值","更改棒柱数值" , value, 0, 50, 1, &ok); if (ok) { bar.setValue(value); series->dataProxy()->setItem(position, bar); } } void MainWindow::on_actSeries_BaseColor_triggered() {//设置序列基本颜色 QColor color=series->baseColor(); color=QColorDialog::getColor(color); if (color.isValid()) series->setBaseColor(color); } void MainWindow::on_actData_Add_triggered() {//添加行 QString rowLabel = QInputDialog::getText(this, "输入字符串","请输入行标签"); if (rowLabel.isEmpty()) return; QBarDataRow *dataRow= new QBarDataRow; //棒柱数据行 for(int j=1; j<=5; j++) //固定5列 { quint32 value=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(15,25); QBarDataItem *dataItem= new QBarDataItem; dataItem->setValue(value); dataRow->append(*dataItem); } series->dataProxy()->addRow(dataRow, rowLabel); //添加棒柱数据行和标签 } void MainWindow::on_actData_Insert_triggered() { //插入行 QString rowLabel = QInputDialog::getText(this, "输入字符串","请输入行标签"); if (rowLabel.isEmpty()) return; QPoint position=series->selectedBar(); int index=position.x(); //当前行号 if (index<0) index=0; QBarDataRow *dataRow= new QBarDataRow; //棒柱数据行 for(int j=1; j<=5; j++) //固定5列 { quint32 value=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(20,30); QBarDataItem *dataItem= new QBarDataItem; dataItem->setValue(value); dataRow->append(*dataItem); } series->dataProxy()->insertRow(index, dataRow, rowLabel); //插入棒柱数据行和标签 } //删除行 void MainWindow::on_actData_Delete_triggered() { QPoint position=series->selectedBar(); if (position.x()<0 || position.y()<0) return; int rowIndex=position.x(); //当前行号 int removeCount=1; //删除的行数 int removeLabels=true; //是否删除行标签 series->dataProxy()->removeRows(rowIndex, removeCount, removeLabels); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveDown_clicked() {//下移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal z=target3D.z(); target3D.setZ(z+0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveUp_clicked() {//上移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal z=target3D.z(); target3D.setZ(z-0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveLeft_clicked() {//左移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal x=target3D.x(); target3D.setX(x+0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveRight_clicked() {//右移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal x=target3D.x(); target3D.setX(x-0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } // 复位到FrontHigh视角 void MainWindow::on_btnResetCamera_clicked() { graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(Q3DCamera::CameraPresetFrontHigh); } void MainWindow::on_actRedraw_triggered() { QBarDataProxy *dataProxy=new QBarDataProxy; //新建数据代理 int rowCount= series->dataProxy()->rowCount(); //数据代理的行数 for (int i=0; i<rowCount; i++) //行 { QBarDataRow *dataRow= new QBarDataRow; //棒柱数据行 for(int j=1; j<=5; j++) //列 { quint32 value=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(5,15); QBarDataItem *dataItem= new QBarDataItem; //数据项 dataItem->setValue(value); dataRow->append(*dataItem); } QString rowStr=QString("第%1周").arg(i+1); dataProxy->addRow(dataRow, rowStr); //添加行数据和标签 } QStringList colLabs=series->dataProxy()->columnLabels(); //原来的列坐标轴标签 dataProxy->setColumnLabels(colLabs); series->dataProxy()->resetArray(); //清除数据代理和坐标轴标签，必须清除，否则不能重新设置坐标轴标签 series->setDataProxy(dataProxy); //重新设置数据代理，会删除之前的数据代理 } 三维散点图 三维图创建

数据代理类 QScatterDataProxy。与三维散点图序列 QScatter3DSeries 配套的数据代理类是QScatterDataProxy，它存储和管理的基本元素是QScatterDataItem对象。序列中每个散点是一个QScatterDataItem 对象，它存储了空间点的三维坐标和旋转角度。 QScatterDataProxy 的函数 resetArray()用于重设数据内容，其函数原型定义如下：

void QScatterDataProxy::resetArray(QScatterDataArray *newArray)

参数newArray 是 QScatterDataArray 类型指针，而 QScatterDataArray 就是 QScatterDataItem对象的列表，Qt源程序中对其的定义如下：

typedef QList<QScatterDataItem> QScatterDataArray;

所以，QScatterDataProxy 存储的就是一系列QScatterDataItem 散点对象。在本示例中，“墨西哥草帽”图的数据点在水平面上是均匀分布的，相当于在水平面上做了网格划分，每个网格里面都有一个数据点。但是散点图并不要求数据点规则分布，只是根据每个散点的三维坐标和旋转方向绘图。

程序截图

示例代码 .h #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include <QMainWindow> #include <QtDataVisualization> using namespace QtDataVisualization; QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE namespace Ui { class MainWindow; } QT_END_NAMESPACE class MainWindow : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT private: QWidget *graphContainer; //图表的容器 Q3DScatter *graph3D; //散点图 QScatter3DSeries *series; //散点序列 void iniGraph3D(); //初始化绘图 public: MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr); ~MainWindow(); private slots: void do_itemSelected(int index); //与 series 的selectedItemChanged信号关联 void on_chkBoxGrid_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxSmooth_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxAxisTitle_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxAxisBackground_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxReverse_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxBackground_clicked(bool checked); void on_spinFontSize_valueChanged(int arg1); void on_cBoxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index); // void on_btnBarColor_clicked(); void on_chkBoxItemLabel_clicked(bool checked); void on_cBoxBarStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_cBoxSelectionMode_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_spinItemSize_valueChanged(double arg1); void on_chkBoxShadow_clicked(bool checked); // void on_comboBox_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_sliderH_valueChanged(int value); void on_sliderV_valueChanged(int value); // void on_btnUp_clicked(); void on_sliderZoom_valueChanged(int value); void on_comboCamera_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_actSeries_BaseColor_triggered(); void on_actPoint_ChangeValue_triggered(); void on_actData_Delete_triggered(); void on_actData_Add_triggered(); void on_btnResetCamera_clicked(); void on_btnMoveLeft_clicked(); void on_btnMoveRight_clicked(); void on_btnMoveUp_clicked(); void on_btnMoveDown_clicked(); private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H .cpp #include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" #include <QSplitter> #include <QInputDialog> #include <QColorDialog> #include <QMessageBox> void MainWindow::iniGraph3D() { graph3D = new Q3DScatter(); graphContainer = QWidget::createWindowContainer(graph3D,this); //Q3DBars继承自QWindow，必须如此创建 QScatterDataProxy *proxy = new QScatterDataProxy(); //数据代理 series = new QScatter3DSeries(proxy); //创建序列 series->setItemLabelFormat("(@xLabel, @zLabel, @yLabel)"); //散点标签的格式 series->setMeshSmooth(true); series->setBaseColor(Qt::yellow); graph3D->addSeries(series); //使用内置的坐标轴 graph3D->axisX()->setTitle("axis X"); graph3D->axisX()->setLabelFormat("%.2f"); graph3D->axisX()->setTitleVisible(true); graph3D->axisY()->setTitle("axis Y"); graph3D->axisY()->setLabelFormat("%.2f"); graph3D->axisY()->setTitleVisible(true); graph3D->axisZ()->setTitle("axis Z"); graph3D->axisZ()->setLabelFormat("%.2f"); graph3D->axisZ()->setTitleVisible(true); graph3D->activeTheme()->setLabelBackgroundEnabled(false); //不显示轴标签背景 series->setMesh(QAbstract3DSeries::MeshSphere); //设置散点形状 series->setItemSize(0.2); //设置散点大小，默认值为0，取值范围 0~1 int N=41; int itemCount=N*N; QScatterDataArray *dataArray = new QScatterDataArray(); dataArray->resize(itemCount); //设置数组大小 QScatterDataItem *ptrToDataArray = &dataArray->first(); //首地址 //墨西哥草帽,-10:0.5:10， N=41 float x,y,z; x=-10; for (int i=1 ; i <=N; i++) { y=-10; for ( int j =1; j <=N; j++) { z=qSqrt(x*x+y*y); if (z!=0) z=10*qSin(z)/z; else z=10; ptrToDataArray->setPosition(QVector3D(x,z,y)); ptrToDataArray++; y+=0.5; } x+=0.5; } series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray); connect(series, &QScatter3DSeries::selectedItemChanged, this, &MainWindow::do_itemSelected); } MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { ui->setupUi(this); ui->sliderZoom->setRange(10,500); //设置slider的数据范围 ui->sliderH->setRange(-180,180); ui->sliderV->setRange(-180,180); iniGraph3D(); //创建图表 QSplitter *splitter=new QSplitter(Qt::Horizontal); splitter->addWidget(ui->frameSetup); splitter->addWidget(graphContainer); this->setCentralWidget(splitter); } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { delete ui; } void MainWindow::do_itemSelected(int index) { ui->actPoint_ChangeValue->setEnabled(index>=0); ui->actData_Delete->setEnabled(index>=0); if(index>=0) { QScatterDataItem item= *(series->dataProxy()->itemAt(index)); QString str=QString::asprintf("选中点的坐标（x,z,y）=(%.2f, %.2f, %.2f)", item.x(), item.z(), item.y()); ui->statusBar->showMessage(str); } } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxGrid_clicked(bool checked) { //图表的网格 graph3D->activeTheme()->setGridEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxSmooth_clicked(bool checked) { //光滑效果 CheckBox series->setMeshSmooth(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxAxisTitle_clicked(bool checked) {//轴标题 graph3D->axisX()->setTitleVisible(checked); graph3D->axisY()->setTitleVisible(checked); graph3D->axisZ()->setTitleVisible(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxAxisBackground_clicked(bool checked) {//轴标题背景 graph3D->activeTheme()->setLabelBackgroundEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxReverse_clicked(bool checked) {//Z轴反向 graph3D->axisY()->setReversed(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxBackground_clicked(bool checked) {//图表的背景 graph3D->activeTheme()->setBackgroundEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_spinFontSize_valueChanged(int arg1) {//轴标签字体大小 QFont font = graph3D->activeTheme()->font(); font.setPointSize(arg1); graph3D->activeTheme()->setFont(font); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index) {//设置主题 Q3DTheme *currentTheme = graph3D->activeTheme(); currentTheme->setType(Q3DTheme::Theme(index)); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxItemLabel_clicked(bool checked) { //显示选中散点的标签 // series->setItemLabelFormat("value at (@rowLabel,@colLabel): %.1f"); series->setItemLabelVisible(checked); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxBarStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index) { //散点形状 ComboBox QAbstract3DSeries::Mesh aMesh; aMesh=QAbstract3DSeries::Mesh(index+1); series->setMesh(aMesh); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxSelectionMode_currentIndexChanged(int index) {//选择模式 graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionFlags(index)); } void MainWindow::on_spinItemSize_valueChanged(double arg1) {//散点大小 series->setItemSize(arg1);//default 0. value 0~1 } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxShadow_clicked(bool checked) {//显示阴影 CheckBox if (checked) graph3D->setShadowQuality(QAbstract3DGraph::ShadowQualityMedium); else graph3D->setShadowQuality(QAbstract3DGraph::ShadowQualityNone); } void MainWindow::on_sliderH_valueChanged(int value) {//水平旋转 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setXRotation(value); } void MainWindow::on_sliderV_valueChanged(int value) {//垂直旋转 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setYRotation(value); } void MainWindow::on_sliderZoom_valueChanged(int value) {//缩放 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setZoomLevel(value); } void MainWindow::on_comboCamera_currentIndexChanged(int index) {//预设视角 Q3DCamera::CameraPreset cameraPos=Q3DCamera::CameraPreset(index); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(cameraPos); } void MainWindow::on_actSeries_BaseColor_triggered() { QColor color=series->baseColor(); color=QColorDialog::getColor(color); if (color.isValid()) series->setBaseColor(color); } void MainWindow::on_actPoint_ChangeValue_triggered() {//修改当前散点的坐标 int index=series->selectedItem(); //当前选中点的序号 if (index<0) return; QScatterDataItem item =*(series->dataProxy()->itemAt(index)); QString coord=QString::asprintf("%.2f, %.2f, %.2f",item.x(),item.z(),item.y()); bool ok=false; QString newText = QInputDialog::getText(this,"修改点坐标", "按格式输入点的坐标（x,z,y）",QLineEdit::Normal,coord,&ok); if (!ok) return; newText =newText.simplified(); //去除前后和中间的空格 QStringList xzy=newText.split(QLatin1Char(','),Qt::SkipEmptyParts); //按逗号分割 if(xzy.size() != 3) { QMessageBox::critical(this,"错误","输入坐标数据格式错误"); return; } item.setX(xzy[0].toFloat()); //设置散点坐标 item.setZ(xzy[1].toFloat()); item.setY(xzy[2].toFloat()); series->dataProxy()->setItem(index,item); //重新设置散点数据项 } void MainWindow::on_actData_Delete_triggered() {//删除当前点 int index=series->selectedItem(); //当前选中点的序号 if (index<0) return; int removeCount=1; //删除点个数 series->dataProxy()->removeItems(index,removeCount); } void MainWindow::on_actData_Add_triggered() {//添加随机点 int x=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(-10,10); int z=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(-10,10); int y=QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(5,10); QScatterDataItem item; item.setX(x); item.setY(y); item.setZ(z); series->dataProxy()->addItem(item); } void MainWindow::on_btnResetCamera_clicked() {//复位到FrontHigh视角 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(Q3DCamera::CameraPresetFrontHigh); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveLeft_clicked() {//左移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal x=target3D.x(); target3D.setX(x+0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveRight_clicked() {//右移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal x=target3D.x(); target3D.setX(x-0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveUp_clicked() {//上移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal z=target3D.z(); target3D.setZ(z-0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveDown_clicked() {//下移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal z=target3D.z(); target3D.setZ(z+0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } 三维曲面图 三维图创建

绘制三维曲面图需要使用Q3DSurface图形类和QSurface3DSeries序列类，根据使用的数据代理类不同，可以绘制两种三维曲面图。

QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy 数据代理类，根据一张图片的数据绘制三维曲面，典型的如三维地形图QSurfaceDataProxy 数据代理类，根据空间点的三维坐标绘制曲面，例如一般的三维函数曲面

三维曲面实际上是由三维空间中的点确定的，曲面的基本数据是空间中的点坐标数据，然后由图形类的底层将这些点连线、划分为基本的三角形，再渲染成曲面。在确定三维曲面的数据点时，一般有两个轴的坐标是均匀划分的。 与三维曲面序列QSurface3DSeries配套的数据代理类是QSurfaceDataProxy，它用二维索引管理数据，与三维柱状图的数据代理类QBarDataProxy的管理方式类似。 空间中每个点是一个QSurfaceDataItem对象，我们称之为点数据项，它存储了点的空间坐标。QSurfaceDataRow 是 QSurfaceDataItem 对象的列表，它存储了一行点的数据；QSurfaceDataArray 是QSurfaceDataRow 对象指针的列表，它按行存储了所有点的数据。它们在Qt源代码中的定义如下：

typedef QList<QSurfaceDataItem> QSurfaceDataRow; typedef QList<QSurfaceDataRow *> QSurfaceDataArray; 程序截图

示例代码 .h #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include <QMainWindow> #include <QtDataVisualization> using namespace QtDataVisualization; QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE namespace Ui { class MainWindow; } QT_END_NAMESPACE class MainWindow : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT private: QWidget *graphContainer; //图表的容器 Q3DSurface *graph3D; //三维图表 QSurface3DSeries *series; //序列 // QSurfaceDataProxy *dataProxy; //数据代理 void iniGraph3D(); //初始化绘制三维图表 public: MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr); ~MainWindow(); private slots: void do_pointSelected(const QPoint &position); void on_chkBoxGrid_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxSmooth_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxReflection_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxAxisTitle_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxAxisBackground_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxReverse_clicked(bool checked); void on_chkBoxBackground_clicked(bool checked); void on_spinFontSize_valueChanged(int arg1); void on_cBoxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index); // void on_btnBarColor_clicked(); void on_chkBoxItemLabel_clicked(bool checked); void on_cBoxBarStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_cBoxSelectionMode_currentIndexChanged(int index); // void on_spinItemSize_valueChanged(double arg1); void on_chkBoxShadow_clicked(bool checked); // void on_comboBox_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_sliderH_valueChanged(int value); void on_sliderV_valueChanged(int value); void on_comboDrawMode_currentIndexChanged(int index); // void on_btnGrad1_clicked(); // void on_btnGrad2_clicked(); // void on_pushButton_clicked(); // void on_pushButton_clicked(); void on_sliderZoom_valueChanged(int value); void on_comboCamera_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_chkBoxFlatShading_clicked(bool checked); void on_actSurf_Color_triggered(); void on_actSurf_GradColor1_triggered(); void on_actSurf_GradColor2_triggered(); // void on_actSurf_Texture_triggered(); void on_actPoint_Modify_triggered(); void on_actPoint_DeleteRow_triggered(); // void on_cBoxSelectionMode_2_currentIndexChanged(int index); void on_btnResetCamera_clicked(); void on_btnMoveUp_clicked(); void on_btnMoveLeft_clicked(); void on_btnMoveRight_clicked(); void on_btnMoveDown_clicked(); private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H .cpp #include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" #include <QSplitter> #include <QColorDialog> #include <QFileDialog> #include <QInputDialog> #include <QMessageBox> void MainWindow::iniGraph3D() { graph3D = new Q3DSurface(); graphContainer = QWidget::createWindowContainer(graph3D,this); //Q3DBars继承自QWindow，必须如此创建 //创建坐标轴 QValue3DAxis *axisX=new QValue3DAxis; axisX->setTitle("Axis X"); axisX->setTitleVisible(true); axisX->setLabelFormat("%.2f"); axisX->setRange(-11,11); // axisX->setAutoAdjustRange(true); graph3D->setAxisX(axisX); QValue3DAxis *axisY=new QValue3DAxis; axisY->setTitle("Axis Y"); axisY->setTitleVisible(true); axisY->setLabelFormat("%.2f"); // axisY->setRange(-10,10); axisY->setAutoAdjustRange(true); //自动调整范围 graph3D->setAxisY(axisY); QValue3DAxis *axisZ=new QValue3DAxis; axisZ->setTitle("Axis Z"); axisZ->setTitleVisible(true); axisZ->setLabelFormat("%.2f"); axisZ->setRange(-11,11); // axisZ->setAutoAdjustRange(true); graph3D->setAxisZ(axisZ); //创建数据代理 QSurfaceDataProxy *dataProxy = new QSurfaceDataProxy(); series = new QSurface3DSeries(dataProxy); series->setItemLabelFormat("(@xLabel,@zLabel,@yLabel)"); series->setMeshSmooth(true); series->setBaseColor(Qt::cyan); series->setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries::DrawSurfaceAndWireframe); series->setFlatShadingEnabled(false); graph3D->addSeries(series); graph3D->activeTheme()->setLabelBackgroundEnabled(false); //创建数据, 墨西哥草帽 int N=41; //-10:0.5:10, N个数据点 QSurfaceDataArray *dataArray = new QSurfaceDataArray; //数组 dataArray->reserve(N); float x=-10,y,z; for (int i =1 ; i <=N; i++) { QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(N); //一行的数据 y=-10; int index=0; for (int j = 1; j <=N; j++) { z=qSqrt(x*x+y*y); if (z!=0) z=10*qSin(z)/z; else z=10; (*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(x, z, y)); y += 0.5; } x += 0.5; // *dataArray << newRow; dataArray->append(newRow); //添加一行数据 } dataProxy->resetArray(dataArray); connect(series, &QSurface3DSeries::selectedPointChanged, this, &MainWindow::do_pointSelected); } MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { ui->setupUi(this); ui->sliderZoom->setRange(10,500); //设置slider的数据范围 ui->sliderH->setRange(-180,180); ui->sliderV->setRange(-180,180); iniGraph3D(); QSplitter *splitter=new QSplitter(Qt::Horizontal); splitter->addWidget(ui->frameSetup); splitter->addWidget(graphContainer); this->setCentralWidget(splitter); } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { delete ui; } void MainWindow::do_pointSelected(const QPoint &position) { if((position.x()<0) || (position.y()<0)) { ui->actPoint_Modify->setEnabled(false); ui->actPoint_DeleteRow->setEnabled(false); return; } ui->actPoint_Modify->setEnabled(true); ui->actPoint_DeleteRow->setEnabled(true); QSurfaceDataItem item= *(series->dataProxy()->itemAt(position)); QString str=QString::asprintf("选中点的坐标（x,z,y）=(%.2f, %.2f, %.2f)", item.x(), item.z(), item.y()); ui->statusBar->showMessage(str); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxGrid_clicked(bool checked) { //显示背景网格 graph3D->activeTheme()->setGridEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxSmooth_clicked(bool checked) { //单点光滑效果 CheckBox series->setMeshSmooth(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxReflection_clicked(bool checked) {//反射 graph3D->setReflection(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxAxisTitle_clicked(bool checked) {//显示轴标题 graph3D->axisX()->setTitleVisible(checked); graph3D->axisY()->setTitleVisible(checked); graph3D->axisZ()->setTitleVisible(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxAxisBackground_clicked(bool checked) {//轴标题背景 graph3D->activeTheme()->setLabelBackgroundEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxReverse_clicked(bool checked) {//Y轴（垂直）反向 graph3D->axisY()->setReversed(checked); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxBackground_clicked(bool checked) {//图表的背景 graph3D->activeTheme()->setBackgroundEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_spinFontSize_valueChanged(int arg1) {//轴标签字体大小 QFont font = graph3D->activeTheme()->font(); font.setPointSize(arg1); graph3D->activeTheme()->setFont(font); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index) {//设置主题 Q3DTheme *currentTheme = graph3D->activeTheme(); currentTheme->setType(Q3DTheme::Theme(index)); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxItemLabel_clicked(bool checked) { //显示单点标签 CheckBox series->setItemLabelVisible(checked); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxBarStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index) { //单点形状 ComboBox QAbstract3DSeries::Mesh aMesh; aMesh=QAbstract3DSeries::Mesh(index+1); series->setMesh(aMesh); } void MainWindow::on_cBoxSelectionMode_currentIndexChanged(int index) {//选择模式 switch(index) { case 0: graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionNone); break; case 1: graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionItem); break; case 2: graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionItemAndRow | QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionSlice); break; case 3: graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionItemAndColumn | QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionSlice); default: break; } } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxShadow_clicked(bool checked) {//显示阴影 if (checked) graph3D->setShadowQuality(QAbstract3DGraph::ShadowQualityMedium); else graph3D->setShadowQuality(QAbstract3DGraph::ShadowQualityNone); } void MainWindow::on_sliderH_valueChanged(int value) {//水平旋转 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setXRotation(value); } void MainWindow::on_sliderV_valueChanged(int value) {//垂直旋转 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setYRotation(value); } void MainWindow::on_sliderZoom_valueChanged(int value) {//缩放 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setZoomLevel(value); } void MainWindow::on_comboDrawMode_currentIndexChanged(int index) {//曲面样式 ComboBox if (index==0) series->setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries::DrawWireframe); else if (index==1) series->setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries::DrawSurface); else series->setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries::DrawSurfaceAndWireframe); } void MainWindow::on_comboCamera_currentIndexChanged(int index) { graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(Q3DCamera::CameraPreset(index)); } void MainWindow::on_chkBoxFlatShading_clicked(bool checked) {//平面着色 CheckBox series->setFlatShadingEnabled(checked); } void MainWindow::on_actSurf_Color_triggered() {//设置曲面颜色 QColor color=series->baseColor(); color=QColorDialog::getColor(color); if (color.isValid()) { series->setBaseColor(color); series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleUniform); //单一颜色 } } void MainWindow::on_actSurf_GradColor1_triggered() {//渐变颜色1 QLinearGradient gr; gr.setColorAt(0.0, Qt::blue); // gr.setColorAt(0.33, Qt::blue); // gr.setColorAt(0.67, Qt::red); gr.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::yellow); // gr.setColorAt(0.0, Qt::black); // gr.setColorAt(0.33, Qt::blue); // gr.setColorAt(0.67, Qt::red); // gr.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::yellow); series->setBaseGradient(gr); series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleRangeGradient); } void MainWindow::on_actSurf_GradColor2_triggered() {//渐变颜色2 QLinearGradient grGtoR; // grGtoR.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::yellow); // grGtoR.setColorAt(0.2, Qt::red); grGtoR.setColorAt(0.0, Qt::cyan); grGtoR.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::red); // grGtoR.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::darkGreen); // grGtoR.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::yellow); // grGtoR.setColorAt(0.2, Qt::red); // grGtoR.setColorAt(0.0, Qt::darkRed); series->setBaseGradient(grGtoR); series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleRangeGradient); } void MainWindow::on_actPoint_Modify_triggered() {//修改点坐标 QPoint point=series->selectedPoint(); if ((point.x()<0) || point.y()<0) return; QSurfaceDataItem item =*(series->dataProxy()->itemAt(point)); QString coord=QString::asprintf("%.2f, %.2f, %.2f",item.x(),item.z(),item.y()); bool ok=false; QString newText = QInputDialog::getText(this,"修改点坐标", "按格式输入点的坐标（x,z,y）",QLineEdit::Normal,coord,&ok); if (!ok) return; newText =newText.simplified(); //去除前后和中间的空格 QStringList xzy=newText.split(QLatin1Char(','),Qt::SkipEmptyParts); //按逗号分割 if(xzy.size() != 3) { QMessageBox::critical(this,"错误","输入坐标数据格式错误"); return; } item.setX(xzy[0].toFloat()); item.setZ(xzy[1].toFloat()); item.setY(xzy[2].toFloat()); series->dataProxy()->setItem(point,item); } void MainWindow::on_actPoint_DeleteRow_triggered() {//删除行 QPoint point=series->selectedPoint(); if ((point.x()<0) || point.y()<0) return; int removeCount=1; //删除行的个数 series->dataProxy()->removeRows(point.x(),removeCount); } void MainWindow::on_btnResetCamera_clicked() {//复位到FrontHigh视角 graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(Q3DCamera::CameraPresetFrontHigh); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveUp_clicked() {//上移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal z=target3D.z(); target3D.setZ(z-0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveLeft_clicked() {//左移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal x=target3D.x(); target3D.setX(x+0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveRight_clicked() {//右移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal x=target3D.x(); target3D.setX(x-0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); } void MainWindow::on_btnMoveDown_clicked() {//下移 QVector3D target3D=graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->target(); qreal z=target3D.z(); target3D.setZ(z+0.1); graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setTarget(target3D); }